The Cervical Spine (Neck)
The cervical spine anatomy consists of seven vertebrae (C1–C7) forming the neck region and supporting the full weight of the head — approximately 10–12 pounds. This is the most mobile segment of the entire spine, allowing you to nod, rotate, and tilt your head in virtually every direction. Dr. Alok Sharan, MD, MHCDS, a board-certified orthopedic spine surgeon at The Spine and Performance Institute in Edison, NJ, specializes in treating cervical spine conditions with minimally invasive techniques including his pioneering awake approach.
Vertebrae C1–C7
Structure of the Cervical Vertebrae
C1 (Atlas) — ring-shaped bone supporting the skull; allows nodding
C2 (Axis) — has a peg-like dens allowing head rotation
C3–C6 — typical cervical vertebrae with small bodies and bifid spinous processes
C7 (Vertebra Prominens) — the prominent bone felt at the base of the neck
Foramen transversarium in each vertebra carries the vertebral arteries to the brain
Six intervertebral discs (between C2–C3 through C7–T1) provide shock absorption
Nerves of the Cervical Spine
Eight pairs of cervical nerve roots (C1–C8) exit through openings called foramina between the vertebrae. These nerves control sensation and movement in the neck, shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers. When a cervical disc herniates or bone spurs narrow the foramen, these nerve roots can become compressed — a condition called cervical radiculopathy that causes pain, tingling, or weakness radiating down the arm.
The spinal cord passes through the cervical vertebral canal, protected by the bony ring of each vertebra. Compression of the cord itself (rather than just a nerve root) is called cervical myelopathy and represents a more serious condition requiring prompt evaluation by a specialist like Dr. Alok Sharan.
Common Cervical Spine Conditions
Cervical Spine Treatments Offered by Dr. Sharan
Dr. Alok Sharan, Castle Connolly Top Doctor and NY Magazine Best Doctor with 20+ years of experience, offers a full range of cervical spine treatments at his Edison, NJ practice. His approach always begins with the least invasive option and only proceeds to surgery when conservative care fails.
Surgical options for cervical conditions include:
ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) — the gold-standard procedure for cervical disc herniation and myelopathy. Dr. Sharan performs ACDF using regional anesthesia when possible, allowing faster recovery and same-day discharge for many patients.
Cervical Disc Replacement — an alternative to fusion that preserves motion at the treated level. Ideal for younger, active patients with single-level disc disease.
Cervical Laminectomy — removal of the lamina to decompress the spinal cord in cases of multi-level stenosis or myelopathy.
With 201 five-star Google reviews and fellowship training at NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, Dr. Sharan brings unmatched expertise in cervical spine surgery to patients throughout New Jersey and New York.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cervical Spine Anatomy
What is the C5–C6 level and why is it so commonly affected?
C5–C6 is the most mobile cervical level and consequently the most stress-loaded disc. Disc herniation at this level can compress the C6 nerve root, causing pain radiating to the thumb and index finger. It is the most common level for cervical disc surgery.
What is the difference between radiculopathy and myelopathy?
Radiculopathy is compression of a nerve root, causing radiating pain, tingling, or weakness in the arm — but the spinal cord itself is not affected. Myelopathy is compression of the spinal cord, which is more serious and can cause clumsiness, balance problems, and weakness in the hands or legs.
Can cervical spine problems be treated without surgery?
Yes — most cervical conditions respond to physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and cervical injections. Surgery is recommended when conservative care fails after 6–12 weeks, symptoms are severe, or there is evidence of spinal cord compression (myelopathy).
What is awake ACDF surgery?
Dr. Sharan performs ACDF using regional anesthesia in appropriate candidates, meaning patients can remain awake or lightly sedated rather than under general anesthesia. This results in faster recovery, same-day discharge, and reduced risk of anesthesia complications. Call (732) 898-3950 to learn if you are a candidate.
